General Information

Data Source:                          NTSB AVIATION ACCIDENT/INCIDENT DATABASE
   Report Number:                        CHI96LA087 
   Local Date:                           02/13/1996
   Local Time:                           14:10 CST
   State:                                MN    
   City:                                 WARREN                             
   Airport Name:                         WARREN MUNI              
   Airport Id:                           D37   
   Event Type:                           ACCIDENT
   Injury Severity:                      NONE   
   Report Status:                        FINAL      
   Mid Air Collision:                    NO 

Operations Information

Category of Operation:                GENERAL AVIATION       
   Aircraft Type:                        AIRPLANE       
   Aircraft Damage:                      SUBSTANTIAL      
   Phase of Flight:                      560 APPROACH                                          
   Aircraft Make/Model:                  PIPER PA-28-161                 
   Operator Doing Business As:                                         
   Operator Name:                                                      
   Operator Code:                            
   Operator:                                                                       
   Owner Name:                           THE UNIVERSITY OF NORTH DAKOTA

Narrative

THE INSTRUCTOR SAID THE STUDENT WAS HAVING DIFFICULTY UNDERS TANDING 
   HOW TO USE THE RUDDER WHEN MAKING CROSSWIND LANDINGS.  THE AIRCRAFT HIT 
   A SNOW BANK APPROXIMATELY 40 YAR DS SHORT OF RUNWAY 30, COMING TO REST 
   APPROXIMATELY 20 YARDS FROM THE END OF THE RUNWAY.  THE INSTRUCTOR SAID 
   THE F OCUS ON PROPER RUDDER USAGE PROBABLY DIVERTED HER ATTENTION.

Sequence of Events

Occurrence #: 1  390 UNDERSHOOT
   Phase of Operation: 564 APPROACH - VFR PATTERN - FINAL APPROACH

           Findings
           Subject - Modifier - Personnel Cause/Factor

   1b.   24532(S) - 3127(M) - 4101(P)  Cause
         PROPER GLIDEPATH - NOT MAINTAINED - DUAL STUDENT
   2b.   24627(S) - 3115(M) - 4103(P)  Cause
         SUPERVISION - INADEQUATE - PILOT IN COMMAND (CFI)

   Occurrence #: 2  230 IN FLIGHT COLLISION WITH TERRAIN/WATER
   Phase of Operation: 564 APPROACH - VFR PATTERN - FINAL APPROACH

           Findings
           Subject - Modifier - Personnel Cause/Factor

   1a.   19200(S) - 2423(M)  Factor
         TERRAIN CONDITION - SNOWBANK

Probable Cause

THE DUAL STUDENT'S FAILURE TO MAINTAIN A PROPER GLIDEPATH AND 
   INADEQUATE SUPERVISION BY THE INSTRUCTOR.

Aircraft Information

Number of Seats:                      4  
   Aircraft Use:                         INSTRUCTIONAL      
   Type of Operation:                    14 CFR 91 
   Domestic/International:                            
   Passenger/Cargo:                                        
   Registration Number:                  145ND 
   Air Carrier Operating Certificates:   
   Aircraft Fire:                        NONE

                  Injuries
          Fatal  Serious  Minor  None
   Crew      0       0       0      2
   Pass      0       0       0      1
   Other     0       0       0      0
   Invlvd    0       0       0      3

   Landing Gear:                         TRICYCLE-FIXED
   Certificated Maximum Gross Weight:    2332
   Engine Make:                          LYCOMING     
   Engine Model:                         O-320-D3G    
   Number of Engines:                    1 
   Engine Type:                          RECIPROCATING-CARBURETOR    

Environment/Operations Information

Basic Weather Conditions:             VISUAL METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS (VMC)  
   Wind Direction (deg):                 320
   Wind Speed (knots):                   14
   Visibility (sm):                      15
   Visibility RVR (ft):                  0
   Visibility RVV (sm):                  0
   Cloud Height Above Ground Level (ft): 5000
   Visibility Restrictions:              NONE
   Precipitation Type:                   NONE
   Light Condition:                      DAYLIGHT
   Departure Airport Id:                 GFK 
   Departure City:                       GRAND FORKS
   Departure State:                      ND
   Destination Airport Id:                   
   Destination City:                     
   Destination State:                      
   Flight Plan Filed:                    NONE
   ATC Clearance:                        NONE
   VFR Approach/Landing:                 TRAFFIC PATTERN, TOUCH AND GO
   Event Location:                       ON AIRPORT

Pilot-in-Command

Certificates:                         COMMERCIAL, FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR
   Ratings:
     Plane:                              SINGLE ENGINE LAND, MULTIENGINE LAND
     Non-Plane:                          NONE
     Instrument:                         AIRPLANE
   Had Current BFR:                      YES
   Months Since Last BFR:                21 
   Medical Certificate:                  CLASS 1
   Medical Certificate Validity:         VALID MEDICAL-WITH WAIVERS/LIMITATIONS

              Flight Time (Hours)
   Total       :    485  Last 24 Hrs :    2
   Make/Model  :    390  Last 30 Days:   60
   Instrument  :     38  Last 90 Days:   78
   Multi-Engine:     10  Rotorcraft  :    0